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Pheromone traps can detect the birth of fleas or alert foresters to outbreaks. As an instance, the spruce budworm, a destructive pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian woods for several decades.22 In some regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of forest are coated with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the damage generated during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals go to or create their home in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban areas. Some contaminate foodstuffs, harm structural timbers, chew through fabrics or infest kept dry goods. Some inflict great economic loss, others take diseases or cause fire hazards, and some are just a nuisance. Control of these pests has been attempted by improving sanitation and trash control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing insects such as insects and rodents. Historically, local folks or compensated rat-catchers caught and killed rodents using dogs and seals.25 On a domestic scale, sticky flypapers are used to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects might be trapped using these means as pheromones, synthetic volatile substances or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; some have a tacky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be murdered by appropriately baited spring traps and can be caught in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be used to establish routes used by rodents inside buildings and acoustic apparatus can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, firearms have been one of the chief methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specifically made to fire .22 grade snake taken or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for snakes, rodents, birds, and other insect. Garden Guns are short range weapons that can do little harm beyond 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively silent when fired with snake shot, compared to some standard ammunition.

They're also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shot cartridge is .22 Long Rifle packed with #12 shot. At a distance of about 10 ft (3 m), which is about the maximum effective range, the pattern is about 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter from a standard rifle. Particular smoothbore shotguns, such as the Marlin Model 25MG can produce effective patterns out to 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which hold 1/8 ounce.

Poisoned bait is a common method for http://innovativepestcontrol.com.au/ controlling rats, mice, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other insects. The fundamental granules, or other formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so the workers have enough time to take the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent additional egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for both slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and family pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance for the anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 All these are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up frequently.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals such as wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses nevertheless kill a vast range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a structure to kill pests like wood-boring beetles by sealing it or surrounding it with an airtight cover like a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, normally of 2472 hours. This is expensive and inconvenient because the construction cannot be used during the treatment, but it aims all life phases of insects.33.

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An alternative, distance treatment, is fogging or misting to distribute a liquid insecticide in the air within a building without evacuation or sterile sealing, allowing most work within the building to continue, at the cost of decreased penetration. Contact insecticides are generally utilized to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of insect insects can sometimes be dramatically reduced by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a insect, sterilising it by means of X-rays or some other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It is particularly helpful where a female only mates once and in which the insect does not spread widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, some species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.